In which conditions is sound absorption in the sea notably high?

Sound absorption in the sea is notably high during conditions of high winds that create whitecaps and layers of bubbles. When the water surface is disturbed by strong winds, it leads to the formation of whitecaps and the introduction of air into the water, which increases the interaction between sound waves and the turbulent water surface. This results in greater scattering and absorption of sound energy. The bubbles created can further complicate the propagation of sound, as they can reflect and absorb sound waves, reducing the distance over which sound can travel effectively.

In contrast, calm and clear weather tends to provide a more stable environment for sound to travel, with less absorption and scattering due to surface disturbances. Deep ocean trenches and the presence of schools of fish also do not significantly contribute to the absorption of sound in the same way that turbulent conditions do. Generally, sound absorption is more influenced by surface conditions rather than underwater environments.