What does surface oxidation typically refer to in the context of corrosion?

Surface oxidation, in the context of corrosion, primarily refers to the formation of rust on metal surfaces, particularly iron and its alloys. When iron is exposed to oxygen in the presence of moisture, it undergoes a chemical reaction that produces iron oxide, commonly known as rust. This process is a specific example of corrosion that involves both oxidation and hydration, leading to the degradation of the metal over time.

Understanding this concept is crucial for addressing issues related to metal preservation and ensuring the longevity of equipment and structures. Factors such as environmental conditions, presence of salts, and duration of exposure can significantly influence the rate of oxidation and thus the extent of rust formation.